A simple AC motor is similar to a DC motor other than the slip rings and split rings. The squirrel cage AC induction motor consists of a cage that is encased by a laminated iron armature. The stator is an electromagnet or equivalent which provides change in magnetic field. The rotor is the set of bars connecting the two end rings of the cage which allow induced current to flow from one side of the cage to another. Basically when you place a magnet on the curvature of the squirrel cage, it rotates like a wheel continually until the magnet is removed.
Step-up transformers "step up" voltage. In other words they increase input voltage. In order for this to work the number of secondary coils (output) must be greater than the number of primary coils (input). As the voltage enters the primary coil it is increased as it passes out of the secondary coil.
Step-down transformers "step down" voltage. In other words they decrease input voltage. In order for this to work the number of secondary coils (output) must be less than the number of primary coils (input). As the voltage enters the primary coil it is decreased as it passes out of the secondary coil.
Hope that helps
