Discuss, using a recent example, how the progress in analytical chemistry and changes in technology can alter the outcome of a forensic investigation.
The Azaria Chamberlain case (1980) is probably one of the most important in recent forensic history in Australia. It was claimed by the mother (Lindy) of Azaria that her daughter had been taken from their tent at Ayers Rock by a dingo. Inspection of the Chamberlain’s car located a stain under the passenger side dashboard. Forensic tests performed were found to be positive for the presence of blood. In conjunction with other evidence Lindy Chamberlain was sentenced to jail. It was revealed later however that the tests performed on the sample by the forensic scientist were only presumptive (initial) tests and further positive identification was not carried out. It was realised that the presumptive test also showed positive for other substances that could have been present in the outback dust. It was also claimed by the Chamberlains that if the stain was blood it could have been from an injured person whom they had recently helped. At this time DNA testing was not available and no samples were kept. The advent of DNA testing would have positively identified if the sample was blood and also could have identified the individual whom the sample had originated from.
Discuss ethical issues that may need to be addressed during an analytical investigation
Forensic scientists have high responsibilities as their results determine the future of a person so therefore results need to be accurate. They need to defend their results purely with facts and be able to conclude well. They must also state any doubts they have. It is important that they search for the truth and not be influenced by any other party. One such code of ethics is the one designed by the Society of Forensic Engineers & Scientists (SFES) gives brief formal guidelines that are required for both forensic engineers and forensic scientists. If during an analytical investigation a forensic scientist suspected there was any contamination throughout the process, the scientist would need to express this opinion. The forensic chemist much also ensure that he/she remains bias and that none of the information collected gets used without authorized permission.
