Arithmetic have a common difference.
Geometric have a common ratio.
Arithmetic - 1,3,5,7,9,11,13....
If you minus 13-11, you get 2.
If you minus 11-9, you get 2.
Thus the common difference is 2. An algebraic way to put it is
Tn+1 - Tn = d where d is the common difference, Tn+1 is the n+1 term and Tn is the nth term.
Geometric is where there is a common ratio.
Consider - 2,4,8,16,32,64,128....
If you divide the Tn+1 term by the Tn term, you get r which is the common ratio.
In this case, 128/64 = 2.
64/32 = 2
4/2 = 2.
So on and so forth.