archietimmins
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(ADDRESS STIMULUS)
In 2017, Margaret Atwood endeavoured to refer to herself as a ‘Realist’ rather than a ‘Feminist.’ Her literature can therefore be understood as a ‘realist’ exploration of the power dynamics of patriarchy, rather than strictly ‘feminist’ literature. Atwood’s novel ‘Hagseed’ from just a year prior is masterful in appropriating ‘The Tempest’ as two texts that explore male patriarchs, egos, and the women they silence through this same ‘realist’ lens. Doing so, these texts engage in a literary dialogue about the power dynamics of patriarchy and how it can restrict parental relationships, female voices, and create dangerous male hubris.
Paternal parenthood in both ‘The Tempest’ and ‘Hag-Seed’ serves as a key point of conflict in how its male characters misunderstand and abuse it. Shakespeare tells a story of a father’s loving protective intent turning controlling and overbearing, while Atwood mirrors this in Felix’s mourning failure to let go of his daughter.
Prospero’s declaration, ‘I have done nothing but in care of thee, my dear one, thee, my daughter’ (Act 1, Scene 2) makes clear to audiences that his behaviour is justified by paternal duty. The repetition of possessive pronouns however exposes the controlling capacity of this loving inclination. The island as the story’s setting solidifies this dynamic of control as a metaphorical restricted space that Prospero rules over as the Patriarch, further establishing the imbalance in his approach to paternal authority.
Academic Marianne Novy argues that Prospero’s control in this way is emblematic of Renaissance patriarchal norms, where daughters were seen as property to be protected and eventually transferred through marriage.
Atwood reimagines this dynamic through Felix’s relationship with his deceased daughter Miranda in a time of less clear but similarly protective understanding of paternalism. The magical realism in Miranda’s representation as a ghost is analogous of his journey of grief, in his attempt to achieve ‘what he couldn’t have in life he might still catch sight of through art.’ Felix’s want to defend Miranda in goals of revenge and grief only imprisons her in ‘his own Prospero’s Island’ as stated in Chapter Seven.
This more directly characterises Felix as an agent of excessive control, and calls audiences to the same dynamic in ‘The Tempest. Shakespeare’s story of parental control is more directly framed in an understanding of patriarchy in this relationship as informed by the modern second and third wave feminism of Atwood’s time.
From male domination comes marginalisation of female voices, a recurring theme of both texts. Miranda in ‘The Tempest’ exists in terms of what men say of her, while Felix similarly confines the own women in his life in this way.
Miranda’s character embodies the archetype of the sheltered daughter. In her limited speech of under two-hundred lines, she is externally framed by the men in her life. In a world defined by male narration, Miranda is caught in the juxtaposition of the goals of control two men, until its resolution is found in Prospero’s concession ‘Worthily purchased, take my daughter.’ Miranda is without authority, as a piece of male property, exposing similar attitudes towards women of Shakespeare’s era. Atwood builds on this in the modern context through Felix instead demonstrating Julia Kristeva’s theory of male imagination as a way of removing the autonomy of women.
Felix’s own daughter exists within Felix’s imagination as a ghost. ‘She remains simple, she remains innocent. … Something constrains her.’ The anaphora in ‘remaining’ points to Felix’s removal of her individuality in his imagining of her, and this ‘constrains’ her memory in a more personified sense. This also serves as a metatextual way of reframing similar control in ‘The Tempest,’ leading to more modern challenges of its contextual ideas.
Anne-Marie Greenland, meanwhile represents the female voices of modern society that Felix fails to listen to. ‘I’m not just a pretty face, you know. I have a brain’ in Chapter 23, employs direct dialogue to challenge stereotypical perceptions of female performers. This sharply Miranda’s more passive characterisation in ‘The Tempest,’ highlighting the evolution of female representation while acknowledging ongoing power dynamics around female voices.
Shakespeare’s classic theme of hubris in his swan song in ‘The Tempest,’ though Miranda as a focal point makes the patriarchal dynamic more obvious. Prospero and Felix, embody the struggle between the desire for control and the need for redemption in their delusions of grandeur over their daughters and other men.
Prospero’s hubris is demonstrated famously in ‘and these, mine enemies, are all knit up in their distractions. They now are in my power.’ The assonance and caesura of this line shows his personal gratification in seeking retribution and gaining power of others.
This links to Renaissance ideas of power as expression of masculinity as expressed in
Machiavelli’s theory of conquest and aggression as masculine, which has extended to a lesser extent to Atwood’s modern-day context.
This is highlighted by Felix’s unreliable narration in demonstrating an inflated sense of his own greatness. He sees himself as a ‘brilliant man’ and views his fall from grace as an act of theft, a shortcoming.
This serves to indirectly characterise a hubris in him that creates similar failures and conflicts to Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest.’ The dangers of male hubris is a clear consequence of male domination.
In conclusion, ‘The Tempest’ and Hag-Seed’ explore the power structures of patriarchies and expose the issues they raise in parenthood, female powerlessness, and the male ego. Shakespeare and Atwood offer incisive critiques of patriarchal structures. While Shakespeare observes the flaws of this as a system of interpersonal power, Atwood endeavours to draw from modern feminist theories to make this message more pointed to societal issues of the modern day.
In 2017, Margaret Atwood endeavoured to refer to herself as a ‘Realist’ rather than a ‘Feminist.’ Her literature can therefore be understood as a ‘realist’ exploration of the power dynamics of patriarchy, rather than strictly ‘feminist’ literature. Atwood’s novel ‘Hagseed’ from just a year prior is masterful in appropriating ‘The Tempest’ as two texts that explore male patriarchs, egos, and the women they silence through this same ‘realist’ lens. Doing so, these texts engage in a literary dialogue about the power dynamics of patriarchy and how it can restrict parental relationships, female voices, and create dangerous male hubris.
Paternal parenthood in both ‘The Tempest’ and ‘Hag-Seed’ serves as a key point of conflict in how its male characters misunderstand and abuse it. Shakespeare tells a story of a father’s loving protective intent turning controlling and overbearing, while Atwood mirrors this in Felix’s mourning failure to let go of his daughter.
Prospero’s declaration, ‘I have done nothing but in care of thee, my dear one, thee, my daughter’ (Act 1, Scene 2) makes clear to audiences that his behaviour is justified by paternal duty. The repetition of possessive pronouns however exposes the controlling capacity of this loving inclination. The island as the story’s setting solidifies this dynamic of control as a metaphorical restricted space that Prospero rules over as the Patriarch, further establishing the imbalance in his approach to paternal authority.
Academic Marianne Novy argues that Prospero’s control in this way is emblematic of Renaissance patriarchal norms, where daughters were seen as property to be protected and eventually transferred through marriage.
Atwood reimagines this dynamic through Felix’s relationship with his deceased daughter Miranda in a time of less clear but similarly protective understanding of paternalism. The magical realism in Miranda’s representation as a ghost is analogous of his journey of grief, in his attempt to achieve ‘what he couldn’t have in life he might still catch sight of through art.’ Felix’s want to defend Miranda in goals of revenge and grief only imprisons her in ‘his own Prospero’s Island’ as stated in Chapter Seven.
This more directly characterises Felix as an agent of excessive control, and calls audiences to the same dynamic in ‘The Tempest. Shakespeare’s story of parental control is more directly framed in an understanding of patriarchy in this relationship as informed by the modern second and third wave feminism of Atwood’s time.
From male domination comes marginalisation of female voices, a recurring theme of both texts. Miranda in ‘The Tempest’ exists in terms of what men say of her, while Felix similarly confines the own women in his life in this way.
Miranda’s character embodies the archetype of the sheltered daughter. In her limited speech of under two-hundred lines, she is externally framed by the men in her life. In a world defined by male narration, Miranda is caught in the juxtaposition of the goals of control two men, until its resolution is found in Prospero’s concession ‘Worthily purchased, take my daughter.’ Miranda is without authority, as a piece of male property, exposing similar attitudes towards women of Shakespeare’s era. Atwood builds on this in the modern context through Felix instead demonstrating Julia Kristeva’s theory of male imagination as a way of removing the autonomy of women.
Felix’s own daughter exists within Felix’s imagination as a ghost. ‘She remains simple, she remains innocent. … Something constrains her.’ The anaphora in ‘remaining’ points to Felix’s removal of her individuality in his imagining of her, and this ‘constrains’ her memory in a more personified sense. This also serves as a metatextual way of reframing similar control in ‘The Tempest,’ leading to more modern challenges of its contextual ideas.
Anne-Marie Greenland, meanwhile represents the female voices of modern society that Felix fails to listen to. ‘I’m not just a pretty face, you know. I have a brain’ in Chapter 23, employs direct dialogue to challenge stereotypical perceptions of female performers. This sharply Miranda’s more passive characterisation in ‘The Tempest,’ highlighting the evolution of female representation while acknowledging ongoing power dynamics around female voices.
Shakespeare’s classic theme of hubris in his swan song in ‘The Tempest,’ though Miranda as a focal point makes the patriarchal dynamic more obvious. Prospero and Felix, embody the struggle between the desire for control and the need for redemption in their delusions of grandeur over their daughters and other men.
Prospero’s hubris is demonstrated famously in ‘and these, mine enemies, are all knit up in their distractions. They now are in my power.’ The assonance and caesura of this line shows his personal gratification in seeking retribution and gaining power of others.
This links to Renaissance ideas of power as expression of masculinity as expressed in
Machiavelli’s theory of conquest and aggression as masculine, which has extended to a lesser extent to Atwood’s modern-day context.
This is highlighted by Felix’s unreliable narration in demonstrating an inflated sense of his own greatness. He sees himself as a ‘brilliant man’ and views his fall from grace as an act of theft, a shortcoming.
This serves to indirectly characterise a hubris in him that creates similar failures and conflicts to Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest.’ The dangers of male hubris is a clear consequence of male domination.
In conclusion, ‘The Tempest’ and Hag-Seed’ explore the power structures of patriarchies and expose the issues they raise in parenthood, female powerlessness, and the male ego. Shakespeare and Atwood offer incisive critiques of patriarchal structures. While Shakespeare observes the flaws of this as a system of interpersonal power, Atwood endeavours to draw from modern feminist theories to make this message more pointed to societal issues of the modern day.