Waves are carriers of energy, however, if a wave carries exactly the same amount of energy continuously it does not carry information. This is why we must add information to it. The concept of adding information to an electromagnetic wave is called modulation. For example when you speak, you are adding information to the sound waves by varying their amplitude or frequency. This is done by superimposing the carrier wave and the signal wave together. There are two main types of modulation studied in this course, amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. (AM and FM for short respectively.)
Amplitude modulation: Amplitude modulation is achieved by adding a signal wave to a carrier wave to alter the amplitude of the resulting wave.
Frequency modulation: Frequency modulation is achieved by adding a signal wave to a carrier wave to alter the frequency of the resulting wave.
The resulting wave or modulated wave must then be converted back into information you can use. In our case, sound we can hear.