The "table" you are thinking of is the relationship between Number of colours or tones and bit depth.
colours = 16 ........ 2^4 = 16 ......... bit depth = 4
colours = 64 ........ 2^6 = 64 ........ bit depth = 6
colours = 256 ...... 2^8 = 256 ...... bit depth = 8
The "formula" is = horizontal pixel x Vertical pixel x bit depth
.....................................................8 x 1024
to give you file size in kb
so graphic with 256 colours (or 8 bits) with resolution of 1024 x 800
file size = 1024 x 800 x 8
........................8 x 1024
file size = 800 kb [remember in exam no calculators allowed]