With regards to the second part – probably because students don't get taught much at all about the physics or biology etc. behind models, so they usually just see it as an exponential growth maths problem without even thinking about the models themselves or the physical significance of certain constants etc.Why would you turn 18.02 into 19. It's not asking for an integer number of years .... the kind of question people are getting confused with would say something like "What is the minimum number of complete years for the population to double?". And if you did do this, why on earth would anyone call it 'rounding' ?
And .... why does anyone believe that the exponential growth model could possibly be used for a population of only 17 bacteria? The model is based on the fact that individual randomness is averaged out over large populations, and its use is completely meaningless in such small populations.