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The colourless bar extends from pH 0 to pH 8.6 while the magenta bar extends from pH 10 to pH 14. So the region of colour change extends from pH 8.6 to pH 10. The pH scale is logarithmic so the gap between pH 9 and pH 10 translates to a 10 fold change in proton concentration. The gap between pH...

They are not equivalent ways of writing formulae. To make your point it should have been ethanol as CH3CH2OH because it shows how the atoms are attached to eachother.

The mass of NaOH never changes. The percent composition of NaOH in a weighed sample will change due to absorbed water vapour. But since it is standardised as a weak solution it is surrounded by a whole heap of water so it loses its water absorbing properties. The rough NaOH solution is made by...

It is written poorly. The time spent on the column is proportional (not really) to the broadness of the peaks. A long time on the column leads to broad peaks, a short time leads to narrow peaks.

There is really no difference but it shows the attachment of the atoms. You would have to have them written to show the correct bonding of atoms. That means HOCH2 on the left and CH2OH on the right. Otherwise the bonding is wrong so the structure isnt fructose.

Atomic bromine has a large electronegativity so it attracts electrons from neighbouring molecules to form a dipole. However molecular bromine is linear and diatomic so the two dipoles in opposite directions cancel eachother resulting in no net dipole. The molecule is non polar. Non polar...

There is the waiting for the column to heat up and the time it takes for the sample to move through the column. After each sample has come through the column the carrier medium flows through the column for a period of time to remove any traces.

That is very wrong. Oxidation and reduction do not occur in the nucleus. Redox processes involve the gain or loss of electrons from the electron cloud. Remember that the cloud surrounds the nucleus but never comes in contact with it. The dissruption to the outer shell results in an ion with more...

Halons only require at least 1 hydrogen replaced by a halogen atom.

Noone was going to do a Na2CO3 --> CH3COOH titration. They were going to use Na2CO3 as a primary standard to produce a secondary standard of HCl. The HCl is then used to standardise a tertiary standard of NaOH. The NaOH is finally used to determine the concentration of CH3COOH. Na2CO3 --> HCl...

A double major in chemistry.

A carbonate and ANY acid produces CO2. Note that just before the end point you must boil the solution to expel the CO2. Otherwise there will be carbonic acid present which will decrease the pH.

Sulfuric acid is only 100% dissociated for the first proton. The second proton is much weaker.

They are all the same compound.

This is an electrolytic reaction so energy needs to be input into the system. The reaction is not spontaneous so you need the most negative potential. O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e- --> 2 H2O (+1.23 V) 4 H2O + 4 e- --> 2 H2 + 4 OH- (-0.83 V) 2 H2O --> O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e- (-1.23 V) 4...

ZnS + 3/2 O2 --> ZnO + SO2 ZnO + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2O Zn2+ + 2 e- --> Zn --- There are two other processes: ZnS + 3/2 O2 --> ZnO + SO2 SO2 + 1/2 O2 --> SO3 ZnO + SO3 --> ZnSO4 Zn2+ + 2 e- --> Zn The reduction of zinc oxide occurs in excess of 1000o C, well above the boiling point of zinc...

The dissociation of carbonic acid occurs in two steps. H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3- HCO3- --> H+ + CO32- For multiprotic acids the first proton is removed on all of the molecules before the second proton is removed. So in the formula above, reaction 1 will occur completely before reaction two begins...

Dont forget embryology, anatomy, fossil record, genetics, molecular biology, ERV's, histology, ecology, development, biogeography and animal behaviour.

The sulfur in petrol and diesel is oxidised during combustion to sulfur dioxide. S8 + 8 O2 --> 8 SO2 The sulfur dioxide enters the atmosphere where it is oxidised by the hydroxyl radical and then by oxygen to sulfur trioxide. SO2 + OH. --> HOSO2. HOSO2. + O2 --> HO2. + SO3 The sulfur...

But it is the smallest and it is possible.