I am not sure if this particular question was solved by Pólya, but he did a lot of stuff in this area. I just made this one up, but it has almost certainly been asked and answered before.
This isn't quite the same question, the theorem you link provides a formula for the number of n-bead bracelets from m colours, assuming we have plenty of each.
My question has a finite number of beads of each colour, and asks you to count all bracelets you can make using all of these beads. This is less than the total number of m coloured bracelets with n beads.
That's the right way to think about the problem though (counting orbits of group actions), I used Burnside's lemma which is just a stones throw away from the unweighted version of your linked theorem.
By the way, the resulting answer will not be in closed form, there will be summations involved.