Yes. The reason why this happens is because as the first electron passes through, the lattice (which is positively charged) is distorted towards the negatively charged electron. This increase in positive charge around the electron causes another electron to overcome the repulsion from like charges and pair up with the first.
It does affect the transimission, but I'm not sure how. These cooper pairs only occur at very low temperatures and if they break apart, then the object is no longer a superconductor.