b) Draw a parallel line, parallel to both EF and CB through C.
The angle 'Y' will split up into two angles. Using your alternate angles (parallel lines), then the two angles are alpha and beta, which add up to angle 'Y'
Hence Y = alpha + beta
d) The converse of (b). Split up angle ADE into two by drawing a line (make it parallel to only ONE line, either AB or EF) through D. Make it parallel to, for example, AB. Using alternate angles, then one of the angle in ADE will be equal to alpha. Hence, the other angle must be beta. But angle DEF = beta. Therefore EF is parallel to line through D (alternate angles equal) which means it's parallel to AB