isomers of haloalkanes (1 Viewer)

[Jaydels]

identify and name some examples of isomers (excluding geometrical and optical) of haloalkanes up to eight carbon atoms

I find this dotpoint a bit ambiguous. Does it want us to give examples of isomers of haloalkanes from C1 to C8, or just to five some examples of haloalkanes of C8 or below?

Also, what does it mean by geometrical and optical?

 

[fantasy27]

i thought it just means you should know how to identify isomers with up to 8 carbon atoms.. just recognise how them and how to name them

 

[Slidey]

Geometrical I would assume means show their actual orientation and shape, while optical simply means identify in what order the atoms are arranged.

For example: Water is just H-O-H, but geometrically it as actually shaped more like a V.

 

[Cab31]

Geometrical I would assume means show their actual orientation and shape, while optical simply means identify in what order the atoms are arranged.

For example: Water is just H-O-H, but geometrically it as actually shaped more like a V.

Optical is refering to chirality. You dont learn about it in the HSC course. Its basically about having a mirror image of a mollecule that, if rotated, does not fit exactly on top of the original mollecule. This makes them enantiomers and if a plane of polarised light in special equipment is put on them, one rotates light a certain angle to the right (say 10 degrees) and the other will rotate light in the same angle to the left. They are isomers because their mollecular formula is the same but their orientation in space is different.

When they say that geometric isomers arent included i think that means cis- and trans- isomerism. Which doesnt effect alkanes anyway (alkenes can be effected though).

Hope that helps

 

[Jumbo Cactuar]

All you need to do is identify differences based on empirical formulas.

All you need to know about is, say the difference between isobutane and butane, 1-chlorobutane and 2-chlorobutane etc.

Geometric and optical isomerism comes into play when you consider a molecule in three dimensions, so don't worry about it.