that parabola is a sideways version of the parabola x^2=4ay, with the x and y axes interchanged, so therefore your focus is also switched so that it's S(a,0) rather than (0,a)
to find the focal length, just do the same as you would with a normal parabola, except this time the coefficient of x is the value of 4a
4a=16
.'.a=4
Finding the vertex of the parabola is the same deal, and with this one it's the origin (0,0). Because the coefficient in front of the y^2 is positive, the curve "points" to the right, and therefore your focus would be S(4,0).
To find the equation of the focal chord that goes through the focus and (4,8), the x values of both points are 4, which means that the chord must be the vertical line x=4.