here's a quick rundown of my aswner:
- labelled diagram of faraday's experiment
firstly, set up the apparatus as shown above. use a regular bar magnet and drop it through the coil with a constant velocity. measure the current on the galvanometer. next, add an extra bar magnet (by elastic, make sure the poles are pointing the same direction), the same size, onto the original to double the magnetic field strength. then drop it through the coil with same velocity. by comparing your results it will be evident that a larger current will be induced when there is a greater magnetic field strength.
edit: (helper's question). drop it from a set height allows the velocity to be kept the same.
and for the slingshot question:
if launched from west to east close to the equator, the satellite can pick up the additional velocity required to reach its target due to earth's rotation on its axis.