Newer than 2003 and under $12k don't really go together.. unless you're getting something that's in the 1.3-1.5L range.. so there's not many options unless you dont mind just a car that gets you from A to B without anything fancy..
However, one that suits all your criteria is the 2003 323, which is sorta ugly... but think about it, you can't even get an 03 corolla ascent for $12k [more like $14k] unless you haggle, or have a mate that's selling it..
Another one is the 03 Pulsar.. Haven't driven it, but someone in this forum owns a pulsar..
Or a mitsu lancer/mirage...
Another option is the 03 peugeot 206.... [1.6L] But I can't say anything because I've never driven one, and I dont know how they go nor do I know about their quality build..
Eh.. *cbf'd to think*.. but I wont recommend a Daewoo, Kia, some suzukis, and any other korean BS.. they break about 7 times in 2yrs..