Techie said:
1 - How does the Board compare you to your Year 10 cohort? Is this just an estimate of what the Year 10 people would have got, based on SC results or something? Or do they assume that people who left in Year 10 lie along the same distribution of good--> poor results as the Year 12 cohort?
This process is explained in the
UAI Technical Report (different to the scaling reports). It is not an estimate, and does not involve making assumptions.
You can use the SC examinations to rank all students in the state comprising a particular age cohort - the HSC cohort for a particular year is only a subset of the total age cohort. Until recently, the SC only involved three compulsory exams, and so the maximum SC aggregate was 300.
Because the students who undertook the SC comprise the entire age cohort, including those who went on to do the HSC, the SC aggregates can be used to establish a set of equivalences between the total age cohort and the smaller HSC cohort.
For example, students scoring a SC aggregate of 240 out of 300 might be placed at the 90th percentile in the smaller HSC cohort but at the 94th percentile in the total age cohort.
This allows a TER of 90 (rank in the HSC cohort) to be transformed to a UAI of 94 (rank in the total age cohort).
Obviously, the SC aggregates of individual students don't play any role in this determination - the overall distributions of SC and HSC aggregates are used to determine the equivalences.
I'd strongly recommend reading the
UAI Technical Report if you want further details on this.
Techie said:
2 - Table A7 of the 2003 UAC scaling report
(here, pg64) shows the number of people on each UAI bracket of 1 (ie 99.95 to 99.00 or 84.95 to 84.00). The number seems to trend downwards as UAI decreases.
Some examples are 838 in 99 bracket, 794 in 91, 725 in 73 and 621 in 60.
Why is this?
The following graph (taken from p8 of the Technical Report) compares the SC aggregates of students who went on to complete Yr 12 and the HSC to those who finished school in Yr 10. Don't worry that it's from a few years ago - the distributions won't have changed significantly.
<center><img src="http://www.boredofstudies.org/other/uai_cohort.jpg"></center>
You can see that there is a high correlation between students who scored highly in the SC based on their SC aggregate and those who went on to complete Yr 12 and the HSC.
This means that when HSC students are ranked amongst their entire age cohort, they will be allocated the vast majority of the 'top' UAIs. As you move down the UAI rankings, more and more of them will be allocated to SC students rather than HSC students. This is why you see the general decrease in Table A7 of the 2003 Scaling Report.