Women/Youth in Germany (1 Viewer)
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Gregor Samsa
That Guy
http://www.boredofstudies.org/community/showthread.php?s=&threadid=16533
Might post some notes later..
Might post some notes later..
Gregor Samsa
That Guy
My bad. 
As for notes, hopefully these are useful, or I'm in a pretty bad position.
Women
-The sexual liberation of the Weimar Republic (With the constitution pledging 'equality' and an increasing amount of women in the workforce.. 400% the American rate.) outraged many conservatives, especially radical parties such as the NSDAP. In their view, these changes were symptomatic of so-called 'Degeneracy'.
-The 'New Woman' contrasted greatly to the Nazi perception of the 'role' of women, as mothers bearing childen for the good of state.
1932-Hitler promises to withdraw 800 000 women from the workforce within four years.
-Kinder, Kuche, Kirche.
-1933=Introduction of marriage loans [650 marks] > Long-term loans, amount to be re-paid reduced by 25% upon birth of each child > Couples required to satisfy 'Requirements' > In some cases, these loans were dependent upn the wife leaving the workforce.
-Childbearing was promoted through propaganda and initatives such as the 'Mother's Cross' > Mother's Day became August 12th, Hitler's mother's birthday.
-This promotion of childbearing was not unique to the Third Reich (Indeed, a similar medal was introduced in France in 1920.)
1935-Women expelled from the civil service
-Increase in marriage rate; 1932-516 000 > 1934-740 000. ([/i]If hereditarily fit, do not remain single![/i]-Pamplet)
-We do not consider it proper for the woman to interfere in the world of the man-Hitler.
-Party organisations included the 'Nazi Women's League' led by Gertrud Scholtz-Klink > The mission of women is to minister in the home and in her profession to the needs of life from the first to last moment of man's existence-Scholtz-Klink.
-Discrimination within the education system > Seperate courses for males and females > Focus on 'Domestic' concerns > Decrease in female proportion of university students.
-Women made ineligible for jury duty, due to Hitler's belief that women can not [/i]think logically or reason objectively, since they are ruled only by emotion[/i.]
-Despite labour shortages, women were not fully mobilised during the war. (Although mobilisation did gradually increase, from 37% in 1939 to 51% in 1944.)
-Women's concentration camps, such as Ravensbruck established.
-Education=Frauenscaffen.
-BDM (See 'Youth')
Youth
-Youth in Nazi Germany were to be indoctrinated in NSDAP ideology, with the intention of 'creating' citizens utterly devoted 'to the fatherland and the Fuhrer'.
-A high proportion of teachers were NSDAP party members (32% in 1936.)
-Founding of youth organisations.. 1925-Hitler Jugend > 1928-Jungvolk > 1930-Bund Deutscher Mabel ('League Of German Maidens')
-Youth groups under the ageis of Baldur von Schirach.
-HJ membership rapidly expanded, 1931-20 000, 1933-3 500 000. 1939-8 500 000.
-Membership made legally mandatory December 1st 1936. ([/i]All German young people..are to be educated in the HJ[/i])
-Despite this law however, 1/4 of youth remained outside Nazi
youth organisations. (Youth resistance groups such as the 'Edelweiss Pirates' also existed..)
Hitler Jugend- Focused upon raising 'soldiers' > Many activities resembled those of the Boy Scouts, albeit with a militaristic focus > Ideological indoctrination > Annual induction-April 20th > The best Hitler Youth, irrespective of rank and office, is he who completely surrenders himself to the National Socialist worldview-Schirach, 1934.
Bund Deutscher Mabel- 14-18 year olds > Strict discipline > Focused upon increasing support for the NSDAP and motherhood > Promotion of the 'Aryan' ideal > 'Faith And Beauty' (Organisation for German women 18+)
-Schools organised as a model of a German educational institution conducted on National Socialist principles.
-Creation of 'Elite' schools such as the Napolas and the Adolf Hitler Schools.. > Emphasis placed upon ideology and physical education > Intended to create a new fanatical party elite. etc:
I can't help but feel I don't have enough.
As for notes, hopefully these are useful, or I'm in a pretty bad position.
Women
-The sexual liberation of the Weimar Republic (With the constitution pledging 'equality' and an increasing amount of women in the workforce.. 400% the American rate.) outraged many conservatives, especially radical parties such as the NSDAP. In their view, these changes were symptomatic of so-called 'Degeneracy'.
-The 'New Woman' contrasted greatly to the Nazi perception of the 'role' of women, as mothers bearing childen for the good of state.
1932-Hitler promises to withdraw 800 000 women from the workforce within four years.
-Kinder, Kuche, Kirche.
-1933=Introduction of marriage loans [650 marks] > Long-term loans, amount to be re-paid reduced by 25% upon birth of each child > Couples required to satisfy 'Requirements' > In some cases, these loans were dependent upn the wife leaving the workforce.
-Childbearing was promoted through propaganda and initatives such as the 'Mother's Cross' > Mother's Day became August 12th, Hitler's mother's birthday.
-This promotion of childbearing was not unique to the Third Reich (Indeed, a similar medal was introduced in France in 1920.)
1935-Women expelled from the civil service
-Increase in marriage rate; 1932-516 000 > 1934-740 000. ([/i]If hereditarily fit, do not remain single![/i]-Pamplet)
-We do not consider it proper for the woman to interfere in the world of the man-Hitler.
-Party organisations included the 'Nazi Women's League' led by Gertrud Scholtz-Klink > The mission of women is to minister in the home and in her profession to the needs of life from the first to last moment of man's existence-Scholtz-Klink.
-Discrimination within the education system > Seperate courses for males and females > Focus on 'Domestic' concerns > Decrease in female proportion of university students.
-Women made ineligible for jury duty, due to Hitler's belief that women can not [/i]think logically or reason objectively, since they are ruled only by emotion[/i.]
-Despite labour shortages, women were not fully mobilised during the war. (Although mobilisation did gradually increase, from 37% in 1939 to 51% in 1944.)
-Women's concentration camps, such as Ravensbruck established.
-Education=Frauenscaffen.
-BDM (See 'Youth')
Youth
-Youth in Nazi Germany were to be indoctrinated in NSDAP ideology, with the intention of 'creating' citizens utterly devoted 'to the fatherland and the Fuhrer'.
-A high proportion of teachers were NSDAP party members (32% in 1936.)
-Founding of youth organisations.. 1925-Hitler Jugend > 1928-Jungvolk > 1930-Bund Deutscher Mabel ('League Of German Maidens')
-Youth groups under the ageis of Baldur von Schirach.
-HJ membership rapidly expanded, 1931-20 000, 1933-3 500 000. 1939-8 500 000.
-Membership made legally mandatory December 1st 1936. ([/i]All German young people..are to be educated in the HJ[/i])
-Despite this law however, 1/4 of youth remained outside Nazi
youth organisations. (Youth resistance groups such as the 'Edelweiss Pirates' also existed..)
Hitler Jugend- Focused upon raising 'soldiers' > Many activities resembled those of the Boy Scouts, albeit with a militaristic focus > Ideological indoctrination > Annual induction-April 20th > The best Hitler Youth, irrespective of rank and office, is he who completely surrenders himself to the National Socialist worldview-Schirach, 1934.
Bund Deutscher Mabel- 14-18 year olds > Strict discipline > Focused upon increasing support for the NSDAP and motherhood > Promotion of the 'Aryan' ideal > 'Faith And Beauty' (Organisation for German women 18+)
-Schools organised as a model of a German educational institution conducted on National Socialist principles.
-Creation of 'Elite' schools such as the Napolas and the Adolf Hitler Schools.. > Emphasis placed upon ideology and physical education > Intended to create a new fanatical party elite. etc:
I can't help but feel I don't have enough.
HannieStar
Member
Yeah- thats the thing, I doubt they will be specific about women/youth, its more likely that:
-placing Nazi ideals into practice (essentially the social transformations etc)
and questions along those lines.
-placing Nazi ideals into practice (essentially the social transformations etc)
and questions along those lines.
timmii
sporadic attendee
- Joined
- Nov 9, 2002
- Messages
- 928
OK i tried to attach an essay which dealt for a couple of paras with women and youth, but the server wouldn't let me So instead i'll copy the paras. Ugh its gonna look completely unwielding and way too long, but try to sift through it anyways Oh the essay btw was on terror vs propaganda as the prop of the state, so thats the context in which they are dicussed.
"
Hitler was conscious that the Reichs future relied on the youth, and it was vital that they were under his control. Bernard Rust was made education minister in April 1934, and clarified his aims, This new Reich will give its youth to no one, but will itself take youth. Under his direction, education was Nazified, with textbooks replaced with those that preached Nazi doctrine in an ideologically slanted curriculum that emphasised the importance of physical culture and taught the new subject of racial science. Hitlers book, Mein Kampf became the infallible pedagogical guiding star . All Jewish teachers, or those who did not fully support the regime were made redundant, forcing compliance to the extent that the teaching profession had one of the highest percentages of Nazi members, effectively abolishing the likelihood of the youth receiving an alternate view to that of the official party line. They were dutifully instructed in Nazi party policy and history that emphasised the emotionally stirring tradition of German honour.
A culture of anti-intellectualism arose as Hitler sought to stress athletic achievement in men that would become good soldiers, and in women that needed strength for motherhood. Besides sport, the Hitler Youth for boys emphasised camping and shooting, whilst the Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German Maidens) focussed on feminine ideas and home science to promote motherhood and home-making, as well as fostering allegiance to the Fuhrer with the proliferation of the Fuhrer myth. Additional youth organisations were eventually disbanded and compulsory membership of the Hitler Youth was introduced in 1939, indoctrination beginning as young as six for boys. Regular meetings reduced the time for homework and academic pursuits, and youth leaders soon had the power to denounce and undermine teachers who did not comply with the Nazified curriculum.
In universities academics were forcibly removed, and the subjects of courses severely restricted. Book burning in May 1933 saw the destruction of alternative views and opinions. It made distorted Nazi knowledge, for many, the sole source of information, and offered a direct challenge to all those who sought to undermine the Reich. They had applied force to intellectual pursuits and symbolically had issued a threat to those who, like the books, maintained an alternative perspective. Munich University students, Hans and Sophie Scholl founded an opposition movement called White Rose, which distributed pamphlets denouncing Nazi actions such as those of the Einsatzgruppen and Euthanasia programmes. Their revolt resulted in their execution in 1943. A similar fate befell other rebellious youth groups undermining Nazi control; such as the Edelweiss pirates who harassed Hitler Youth, or the Swing Youth who appreciated outlawed aspects of English and American culture. By 1938, there were over seven million members of Nazi youth organisations, shaped by regimentation and social pressure, who then entered compulsory labour service or army conscription when turning eighteen. The combination of forced participation and continuous propaganda resulted in a generation devoted to Hitler, incessantly repeating slogans at home and prepared even to inform on parents for indicating anti-Nazi sentiments in order to uphold his rule. The resultant familial uncertainty and division undermined the traditional parental role and capacity to voice opinions as the Fuhrer developed the ability to infiltrate the home.
Women, in Nazi ideology, fulfilled the role of mother and carer. They were bombarded with images of the perfect Aryan specimen and her brood of children, blissfully contented with her role in Third Reich society, confined to Kinder, Kirche, Kche - the children, church and kitchen. They were encouraged to be fit and strong in preparation for motherhood, congruent with the aesthetic ideals of Nazism, whilst academic achievement was discouraged, as it was believed that childbirth required a minimum of intellect. Although losing the freedom and independence they were afforded in Weimar years, girls were delighted by the opportunities with which they were presented to hike and compete like the boys. Women meanwhile were persuaded of their esteem in their Fuhrers eyes, exalted as the mothers of the pure Aryan race. The mutterkreuz was introduced as an award for mothers of more than four children, with the greatest honour bestowed upon the mother of eight. Marriage loans were offered, which could be reduced with each child born on the condition the wife did not work. Devotion to the home was presented as the supreme pleasure, on par with no other in the womens sphere, which was becoming increasingly limited.
Though many women were easily convinced of their new role in Nazi society, for others it was unwillingly thrust upon them. If they were of marriageable, or childbearing age, they lost their jobs, as it was the mission of the women to be beautiful and bring children into the worldthe male takes care of gathering the food. Places in universities all but disappeared, and they could not practise as doctors or lawyers and were ordered to not interfere in the mans world. The woman was expected to behave with grace, be pretty without the trappings of makeup or fashion, which was considered tantamount to support for Jewish companies and enemy French designers, and to be healthy. Women wearing makeup or smoking were harassed in the street by SS or civilians, until it became pragmatic to conform to the Fuhrers will. The objectives of propaganda and force eventually became divergent, for as the labour shortage developed in 1939, the effectiveness of propaganda made many women reluctant to return to work, even for the good of the country. Filial unity became eroded when husbands were commissioned to work in another region, and children could be taken on trips by the Hitler Youth for months at a time, and were granted with enough authority to undermine and denounce their parents. In reducing the stability and security of the home, greater reliance was developed on the Nazi state, diminishing desires to oppose it.
"
So instead i'll copy the paras. Ugh its gonna look completely unwielding and way too long, but try to sift through it anyways Oh the essay btw was on terror vs propaganda as the prop of the state, so thats the context in which they are dicussed."
Hitler was conscious that the Reichs future relied on the youth, and it was vital that they were under his control. Bernard Rust was made education minister in April 1934, and clarified his aims, This new Reich will give its youth to no one, but will itself take youth. Under his direction, education was Nazified, with textbooks replaced with those that preached Nazi doctrine in an ideologically slanted curriculum that emphasised the importance of physical culture and taught the new subject of racial science. Hitlers book, Mein Kampf became the infallible pedagogical guiding star . All Jewish teachers, or those who did not fully support the regime were made redundant, forcing compliance to the extent that the teaching profession had one of the highest percentages of Nazi members, effectively abolishing the likelihood of the youth receiving an alternate view to that of the official party line. They were dutifully instructed in Nazi party policy and history that emphasised the emotionally stirring tradition of German honour.
A culture of anti-intellectualism arose as Hitler sought to stress athletic achievement in men that would become good soldiers, and in women that needed strength for motherhood. Besides sport, the Hitler Youth for boys emphasised camping and shooting, whilst the Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German Maidens) focussed on feminine ideas and home science to promote motherhood and home-making, as well as fostering allegiance to the Fuhrer with the proliferation of the Fuhrer myth. Additional youth organisations were eventually disbanded and compulsory membership of the Hitler Youth was introduced in 1939, indoctrination beginning as young as six for boys. Regular meetings reduced the time for homework and academic pursuits, and youth leaders soon had the power to denounce and undermine teachers who did not comply with the Nazified curriculum.
In universities academics were forcibly removed, and the subjects of courses severely restricted. Book burning in May 1933 saw the destruction of alternative views and opinions. It made distorted Nazi knowledge, for many, the sole source of information, and offered a direct challenge to all those who sought to undermine the Reich. They had applied force to intellectual pursuits and symbolically had issued a threat to those who, like the books, maintained an alternative perspective. Munich University students, Hans and Sophie Scholl founded an opposition movement called White Rose, which distributed pamphlets denouncing Nazi actions such as those of the Einsatzgruppen and Euthanasia programmes. Their revolt resulted in their execution in 1943. A similar fate befell other rebellious youth groups undermining Nazi control; such as the Edelweiss pirates who harassed Hitler Youth, or the Swing Youth who appreciated outlawed aspects of English and American culture. By 1938, there were over seven million members of Nazi youth organisations, shaped by regimentation and social pressure, who then entered compulsory labour service or army conscription when turning eighteen. The combination of forced participation and continuous propaganda resulted in a generation devoted to Hitler, incessantly repeating slogans at home and prepared even to inform on parents for indicating anti-Nazi sentiments in order to uphold his rule. The resultant familial uncertainty and division undermined the traditional parental role and capacity to voice opinions as the Fuhrer developed the ability to infiltrate the home.
Women, in Nazi ideology, fulfilled the role of mother and carer. They were bombarded with images of the perfect Aryan specimen and her brood of children, blissfully contented with her role in Third Reich society, confined to Kinder, Kirche, Kche - the children, church and kitchen. They were encouraged to be fit and strong in preparation for motherhood, congruent with the aesthetic ideals of Nazism, whilst academic achievement was discouraged, as it was believed that childbirth required a minimum of intellect. Although losing the freedom and independence they were afforded in Weimar years, girls were delighted by the opportunities with which they were presented to hike and compete like the boys. Women meanwhile were persuaded of their esteem in their Fuhrers eyes, exalted as the mothers of the pure Aryan race. The mutterkreuz was introduced as an award for mothers of more than four children, with the greatest honour bestowed upon the mother of eight. Marriage loans were offered, which could be reduced with each child born on the condition the wife did not work. Devotion to the home was presented as the supreme pleasure, on par with no other in the womens sphere, which was becoming increasingly limited.
Though many women were easily convinced of their new role in Nazi society, for others it was unwillingly thrust upon them. If they were of marriageable, or childbearing age, they lost their jobs, as it was the mission of the women to be beautiful and bring children into the worldthe male takes care of gathering the food. Places in universities all but disappeared, and they could not practise as doctors or lawyers and were ordered to not interfere in the mans world. The woman was expected to behave with grace, be pretty without the trappings of makeup or fashion, which was considered tantamount to support for Jewish companies and enemy French designers, and to be healthy. Women wearing makeup or smoking were harassed in the street by SS or civilians, until it became pragmatic to conform to the Fuhrers will. The objectives of propaganda and force eventually became divergent, for as the labour shortage developed in 1939, the effectiveness of propaganda made many women reluctant to return to work, even for the good of the country. Filial unity became eroded when husbands were commissioned to work in another region, and children could be taken on trips by the Hitler Youth for months at a time, and were granted with enough authority to undermine and denounce their parents. In reducing the stability and security of the home, greater reliance was developed on the Nazi state, diminishing desires to oppose it.
"
good information in that essay, well done. Not sure if it really meets the terror vs propaganda question though, perhaps more relation to the question is needed - but then again im not totally sure on what form the question was, or really wat the question was.
But u certainly know your stuff
But u certainly know your stuff