yes, it is chain rule, as you can let u=x^2 then d/dx sin(x^2) =d/du sin u * du/dx
or dy/dx= dy/du* du/dx, where y=sin(x^2)
for the 1st question, you can find it if you can find , say d/dx 2^x
if you couldn't differentiate 2^x, think about the definition of log and exponentials (a ^...